Wall construction.



G. E. RAFFERTY.

WALL CONSTRUCTION.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 25, 1909. RENEWED N OVJO, 1911. 1 29,82

Patented June 18, 1912.

' designed to be embodied in ject the provision of a hollow bui cHnnLEs 'EnMmvn ranrrntrrv, or.wasnin'croiv,inis'r trcpr or coLinvrniA. 1

" ALL cons'raucrion,

s ecimens-L of Letters Patent. pa emwg 1 9 2 mu ant fi e'a January 25, 1909 Serial No. 474,138.

Renewed November 10, 1911. Serial No. 659,642;

To al l whoin 'it m i concern: v 'Be" it linown that I, CHARLES EDMUND Rnr'rnn'rr,

a citizen of the United States, residing at Washington, District of Columflbia,;h-ave invented certain new and useful Improvements in WVall Construction, of which the followin is a specificationl This invention re ates to wall or partition construction and particularly to a novel construction and improvementin the form and use of building blocks the construction of walls, partitions,-and for analogous purposes.-' Y i I .To this end the invention has in view the provisionofa building block or tile which can be manufactured-1n a substantial and efficient format little cost, and w'th no additional outlay or. capital than is called for by the manufacture of regular building materialof similar character, thereby eliminating the expense incident to lengthy transportation, i i

Oneof the distinctive objects of the in vention isto'provide hollow building blocks or tilesso made as "to be interlocked and bonded together thoroughly practical Wall construction [embodying ample rein forcement, all-of'which may be accom plished without the-use of skilled labor.

A further object of theiinvention is to construct a Wall or partition of such material and in, such. a manner as to make its'inclosures impervious to moisture, heat or cold render itfireproof,soundproof, du-

enablc cement, plaster or equivalent mate rial to readilyadhere thereto without the 40 use of lat-hing or equivalent means for both interior and exterior finish; provide one or more continuous air chambers extending from the base throughout the entire height ofthe wall orpari-ition, or for any desired height; provide spaces within its confines for'tlie installationof all such piping and wiringzas is'inl-common use in modern build lugs. 1 4 {v The invention also-has for its eneral obding block or tile made ofany suitable material available for the-purpose, such as burnt clay,"

either-vitrified or-,glazed, and which can be readily: and inexpensively made into any dcsired form or size, but preferably of uniform size so as-to secure simplicity and umor building tiles rangementand form of the tiles.

formity in their use in the construction of a Wall or partition, as well as simplicity and economy in their manufacture, both of which are of practical importance in build ing construction. Furthermore, the improved construction of block or tile'is regulated J-lIO such length as may be readily handled to suit the requirements in various heights of walls; thus in a twelve inch wall twelve of the improved blocks or tiles '(12x12x36), when so placed and bonded by pouring the concrete into the spaces provided therefor, would build the same area of wall as could bebuilt with one thousand of the standard sizes of brick, besides being much more econominal fromthe standpolnt of labor, and

quickly build a-wall, or as may being cooler and drier in summer and pa ting from the spirit and scope of the invoition, but several practical embodiments 0*" the latter are suggested in the accom panying drawings, in Wl1ich- I Figure 1 is a perspective view of a'corner portion of a wall built in accordance with the present invention and embodying one fo m of the improved building block or tile.

2 illustrates a slightly difierent ar- Fig. 3 illustrates another modification, particularly with reference to the arrangement of the,

tile.

Like references designate corresponding parts in the several figures of the drawings.

In the form of construction disclosed in Fig. l of the drawings each tile 6 is in the form of a rectangular tubular body which may have a single opening or aperture therethrough, or, as shownrat 7, may have its interior subdivided into different compartments by a partition formation. These tiles can be made of any suitable material and constructed by means of any of the well-known tile or brick-making machinery,

but irrespective of the method of making and the cross-sectional form of the tile necessarily susceptible to embodiment in various forms of construction without debodies a distinctive and im ortant feature of the present invention resides in providing the indivldual tile in diiierent faces Withsing'le longitudinally arranged undercut ic receiving seats 8 extending the full lengthor height of the body. In the design 3 of tile shown in Fig. 1 of the drawingsthe individual tile bodies are not only formed with the seats 8 referred to, but are also provided at certain corners thereof with longitudinal substantially triangular outstanding ribs 9, which in cross-sectional configuration are of an approximate arrowhead form. Also in the particular design being referred to, other corners of the tile purposes of the present invention, but, as-

suming that the individual tiles are of the design and arrangement shown in Fig. 1 of the drawings, it is to be noted that in building a wall structure the tiles are arranged vertically one upon the other and side by side, preferably with the joints broken, as illustrated in Fig. l of the drawing- The faces of the tiles which form the' exposed surfaces of t the wall may be scratched, roughened, grooved or otherwise serrated" as indicated at 11, so that plaster, cement, or other surfacing material will readily adhere to said faces without the employment of lathing or equivalent expedicuts.

The tiles may bev assembled in various ways, though in the form of construction anticipated in Fig 1 when arranged in double rows it is preferable to preserve the order in such a manner that the arrowhead or equivalent ribs 9 will be arranged in diagonally opposite relation, while the other dove-tail ribs or equivalent elements 10 W11]. likewise be arranged in diagonally opposite relation and respectively upon opposite sides of the vertical plane of the ribs 9.

Thatis, diagonally opposite tiles 6, respectively, in the inner and outer rows present their ribs 9 in opposing but spaced relation, and the same condition is true with respect to the dove-tail rib 10, as it will be observed that throughout the entire wall or diagonally opposite corner ribs 9 and a pair of diagonally opposite corner ribs 10,

partition there occurs a multiplicity of groups of the ribs 9 and 10. Each group of these ribs embraces or includes a pair of the and the spaces between and about the several ribs, and also between the several opposing faces ofthe tiles,'a'nd the seats S-in the latter are designed to be filled witha suitable bond, preferably of the 'conventional concrete material. In the construction described it will be noted that the bonding material not only interlocks with and about the various corner ribs 9 and'lO, but also completely fills into and interlocks with the undercut' seats S in. opposing faces of rial is filled into these pockets a solid and substantial bond is provided which securely locks the adjoining tiles together. In this respect the invention provides what may be termed a single capacious tie-receiving seat of pocket between the opposing faces of adjoining tiles so that a large and strong bond may be placed therein to secure the functions referred to, and by reason of the undercutting, or dove-tail formation, of the seats 8 the interlocking action referred to is accomplished.

In carrying out the invention the wall structure may be additionally reinforced and strengthened by embedding in the bonding material between the tiles horizontal and vertical reinforcing bars 13 and 14, which may be utilized in any desired numbers and according to any desired plan without affecting the present invention, and said reinforcing bars may also be of any approved design. Furthermore, as suggested in the illustration of Fig. 1 of 'the"d*-iv-' ings, the tiles forming the outside corners of the wall may be filled with concrete or cement material to provide practically a solid corner formation,'which lessens the danger of breakage, and in this connection it will, of course, be understood that the said concrete or cement material may be -ad ditionally reinforced with steel to meet any desired degree of' strength and rigidity which may' be' desired in any particular structure.

In the embodiment .of the invention shown in Fig. 2 of the drawing there is suggested an arrangement of the tiles wherein the tiles. of the inner row may be disposed in staggered relation tothose. of the outer row. Also in this arrangement there is suggested the plan of providing all of the tiles with arrowhead corner ribs 9 only, and the tiles in each row are arranged. in side by side sectional dovetails of one row of the tiles are disposed opposite the vertical centers of. the seats 8 of the other row, so that when thebonding material is filledinto the longitudinal spaces between the inner and outer rows-the same notonly fills into the seats 8, butalso about the said sectional dovestruction the seats 8 inthe opposing faces of the adjoining tiles in the same row are closed in, but are completely filled with the bonding material to secure the advantageous functions already referred to.

Referring to the plan of construction shown in Fig. 3, it will be observed that the tiles 6 are of the same formation as those shown in Fig. 2;but the tiles of the inner be understood that the construction described and claimed herein is not only applicable to the building of walls or "partitions,

but also to the building of columns, roofs, and other structural parts wherein the concrete material can. be poured in mass into and through the spaces between the tile.

Iclaim:- I; In a wall structure, a plurality of tubu lar, tiles arranged vertically one upon the other and in double rows, said tiles being provided in opposing faces with single undercut tie receiving seats, and with out ing provided in opposing'faces with single standing double shouldered corner ribs, the

said tiles of the separate rows being so arranged as to expose said seats and said ribs for engagement by the bonding material. and'also arranged so as to permit continuous horizontal and vertical bonding communication throughout the wall, and bonding material filledinto said seats.

2. In a wall structure, a plurality of tubular tiles, arranged vertically one upon the other, and in double rows, said tiles beundercut tie receiving seats and with outstanding double shouldered corner ribs, the

. horizontal bonding communication through-,

out the wall, and a continuous bond of the filling material.

3. In a wall structure, a plurality of tubular tiles arranged in vertical relation, each of-said tiles having single broad undercut tie-receiving seats in difierent faces, forming outstanding substantially triangular ribs at the corners, certain of said tiles being disposed in diagonal relation in the wall,

with the points or edges of the ribs in opposing relation, others of said tiles having substantially dove-tailed ribs at their corners, said latter ribs being also disposed in opposing relation and at the opposite sides of the triangular ribs, and bonding material 7 located between the tiles and filling the undercut seats, thereby bonding together: said various tiles.

4. In a wall structure, a plurality of tubular tiles, arranged vertically one upon the other, and in double rows, said tiles being provided in opposing faces with single undercut tie-receiving seats, with outstanding arrowhead corner ribs, and also with truncated corners having dove-tailed ribs, the said tiles of the separate rows being soarranged as to present groups of the arrowhead and dove tailed ribs in diagonally opposite relation and said truncated corners permitting continuous communication throughout the wallfora contiguous land of the filling material.

5. In a wall structure, a plurality-of tubular tiles arranged vertically one upon the other, said tiles being provided in opposing faces with single undercut tie-receiving seats forming shouldered ribs at the corners, the said tiles being arranged in double rows and spared apart so as to expose said seats and said ribs for engagement by the bonding material and so as to provide continuous horizontal bonding communication through-- out'the wall, and bonding material filled into said seats.

In testimony whereof I hereunto aflix my signature in the presence of two witnesses.

CHARLES EDMUND RAFFERTY. 

